There are many reasons why burial sites may require investigation. These may include new developments in urban areas, extensions and remedial work to churches, or academic research.
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The most suitable geophysical technique is Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). This is a high-resolution technique which offers depth information, measuring to the top of the burial, and allows the data to be analysed in plan or section view.
GPR can be conducted over a variety of surfaces, meaning that the same equipment can be used on a grassed graveyard or on a church floor. Individual burials, as well as vaults can be located with GPR. Unless the cremation pots were buried in large pits these remain as very difficult targets; often only the boundary ditch of a cemetery may be located.
Above : Section view of GPR, showing 6 coffin burials below 1m depth.
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Traverses are collected at close centres, generally 0.5m, travelling North to South to ensure that as many passes as possible are achieved over the East-West orientated burial. The GPR data can also been displayed in plan view as a Timeslice, showing anomalies at various depths.
Above : Timeslice plan view of GPR data in a Cathedral Cloisters showing numerous East-West orientated burials at c.1.5m depth.
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The data is analysed and possible graves are interpreted and displayed in an AutoCAD drawing.
Above : GPR data interpretation in AutoCAD, showing location of possible graves (green and red hatch).
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Photogrammetry
Often burials are in a hole which has been quickly dug and backfilled with the same material. Additionally, they may not be in a coffin. This means it can be extremely difficult to identify the grave from the surrounding material, so we have to look for changes in moisture content, organic carbon and texture/density which are affected by the presence of a burial. In these cases, photogrammetry may be a useful technique.
RGB Photogrammetry (the bands of light which are visible to the naked eye) can detect slight changes in the ground surface and potentially show minor depressions or mounds in 3D data, accurate to 1cm. Additionally, Multispectral Photogrammetry (the bands of light which are not visible to the naked eye) can detect changes in vegetation health not visible in RGB, due to differing levels of chlorophyll, which can be caused by buried materials, including graves.
Photogrammetry can also be used in areas which have been stripped of the topsoil. In these instances, RGB Photogrammetry can detect slight changes in soil colour indicating features hard to see from ground level. Whereas, Multispectral Photogrammetry can detect the reflectance in soils which can represent organic Carbon, moisture and texture/density.
Above : Multispectral image outputs of graves (on a stripped site).
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How accurate is SUMO's underground utility survey and what types of utilities can it locate?Using cutting-edge technologies like electro-magnetics, signal induced threading, and Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR), our underground utility surveys accurately detect a wide array of buried utilities including metal and plastic pipes, drainage systems, electricity cables, telecoms, and fiber optic cables. The methodology ensures high accuracy without the need for invasive trial holes.
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What is the turnaround time for obtaining results with SUMO's Underground Utility Detection service?SUMO’s service is built for rapid response. Contractors can receive immediate results onsite. Our equipment provides real-time information, and once we leave the site, the detected utilities are visibly marked on the ground surface for quick reference.
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Does SUMO provide detailed mapping of the detected utilities for permanent records or construction purposes?Absolutely, SUMO not only marks the detected utilities on-site but also offers high-quality, color-coded survey drawings. These drawings can include topographic features and a comprehensive record of the utility detection survey, ensuring it meets the client’s needs for future reference or pre-construction design works.
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Topographical and Geophysical surveyIn addition to mapping out utilities, our experience team can accurately survey the land, creating topographical drawings for use. With our state-of-the-art aerial technology, nothing is missed.
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What additional information can be included in the underground utility mapping service provided by SUMO?In addition to topographic features, SUMO’s mapping service can include fixed surface utility features such as inspection chambers, valve boxes, and telegraph poles. It can also incorporate key topographic details like building lines, fence lines, kerb lines, street furniture, street names, building names, and house numbers, facilitating easy site location.
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Does the utility mapping service by SUMO include standard referencing and compatibility with existing survey data?Yes, SUMO ensures the utility mapping references the ordnance survey grid and level datum as standard. Additionally, the drawings can be supplied to a specified grid and level datum and can overlay an existing topographical survey, making it a versatile and adaptable service for various project needs.
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What sets SUMO Services apart from other survey providers?SUMO stands out due to our impeccable level of service with nationwide coverage, state-of-the-art equipment, and our commitment to delivering top-quality, detailed colour-coded survey drawings in both hard and electronic formats.
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How do I request a survey quotation from SUMO Services?Requesting a quotation is easy. Just click on the "Request a Survey Quotation" button on this page, and our team will get in touch with you promptly.
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Can I book a SUMO Survey online?Yes, you can! Simply click on the "Book a SUMO Survey" button on this page, and you can schedule your survey with us at your convenience.
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What type of survey is suitable for my project or site?Our experienced team will work with you to determine the most appropriate survey for your specific needs. Contact us, and we'll assist you in making the right choice.
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Can I obtain both digital and hard copies of survey drawings?Absolutely. We offer the convenience of electronic copies for digital use and hard copies for your records. Just let us know your preference.
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Do you provide custom survey solutions for unique projects?Yes, we understand that every project is unique. Our team is highly adaptable and can tailor our surveying services to meet your specific requirements.
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How do I get in touch with SUMO Services for further questions?For any additional questions or inquiries, feel free to contact us through the contact form, and our dedicated team will assist you promptly.
Geophysical Engineering Surveys
Air Raid Shelters
Cellars & Basements
Post Tension Cables
Underground Storage Tanks
Air Voids
Chimney Flues
Rebar
Water Engineering
Badger Setts
Earthing Installations
Sinkholes
Burials
Geological Application
Soil Thermal Resistivity Testing
Buried Foundations
Landfills
Structural Investigations
Buried Manholes
Mineshafts
